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Amanda Roraback's World in a Nutshell |
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Resources News-related Activities: Middle and High Schools Using News in Elementary School (Example: Iraq) Benefits of using news in the classroom Articles Pakistan's president declares state of emergency Israel's premier has prostrate cancer (Oct. 30, 2007) Iran's president visits New York Britain pulls out of Iraq |
Musharraf Declares Emergency Rule |
Pakistan in a Nutshell |
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PAKISTAN 1) Indus Valley civilization 2) Aryans – Vedic religious texts that inspired Hinduism and Buddhism (caste system) 3) Persian Empire – Gandhara (Kabul, Peshawar etc.) 4) Alexander the Great (Seleucus) 5) Buddhism under the Mauryans 6) Silk Road from Rome to China, Kushan empire ruled from capital in Peshawar and Kabul (Afghanistan). 7) Gupta Dynasty (northern India, ushered in India’s golden age of religious tolerance etc.). 8) Huns put an end to Buddhism – ushered in Hinduism. 9) Islam a. Turks based in Ghazni (Afghanistan) extended empire through Pakistan to borders of India in the 10th century. b. Ghaznavid Empire – established Lahore as an Islamic cultural center. c. Ghaurs conquered the rest of India – took Delhi in 1192 d. Sufis in India – helped overcome differences between Islam and Hinduism i. Islam religion of majority in western and eastern peripheries of India 1. would eventually become West and East Pakistan. e. Moghuls f. Sikhism i. Synthesis of Sufism and Hinduism established in Punjab in late 15th century. 10) British a. Arrived beginning of 17th century. b. British East India Company. c. 1857 uprising, Sepoy Mutiny or 1st War of Independence. i. British take full control over India. d. British in Sindh i. Saw commercial and strategic value of the Indus River area e. British in Northwest Frontier Province i. Russian encroachement after Crimean War in 1853 threatened Britain’s northwest frontier. ii. 1879 British attempted to foil Russia’s advances iii. Creation of Durand Line 1. Between British India and Afghansitan – 1893. a. Drawn through Pathan (Pashtun) territory. iv. Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) – Pashtun tribes given almost complete autonomy in the tribal Areas. f. British in Balochistan i. Border with Perisa and Afghansitan ii. Need for cushion of friendly buffer states between India and Russia. iii. Became British territory in 1887. 11) Partition a. By end of 19th century, Britain’s Asian empire extended form edge of Afghasntian to the border of China b. Local power away from Muslims to Hindus (Divide and Conquer) c. Gandhi, Neghru and Mohammad Ali JInnah. d. Indian independence i. But Hindu-Muslim alliance had fallen apart. e. Poet proposal for a separate muslim homeland in northwest India i. P.A.K.I.S.T.A.N 1. Punjab, Afghania (NWFP), Kashmir, Iran, Sindh, Tukharistan, Afghansitan, BalochistaN. f. Indians given choice i. Join new Muslim state of Pakistan (West Pakistan [Pakistan today] or East Pakistan [Bangladesh today]) ii. Or primarily Hindu India. iii. Result, 100s of 1000s killed. 12) Kashmir a. India and Pakistan both claim Kashmir b. Has created an arms race i. Both India and Pakistan are members of the “nuclear club” undermine 13) Tribalism a. Pashtuns (from Afghanistan to Pakistan) b. Back to Durand Line i. British buffer between India and Russia 14) Afghanistan a. Taliban, Osama bin Laden, Al Qaeda i. Hiding in North West Frontier Province 15) Islamic militancy a. Madrassas – religious schools i. Education too expensive for many Pakistanis ii. Some parents send students to religious schools funded and run by militant Muslims. 16) Foreign relations a. US – Pakistan relations i. Musharraf is American ally ii. Receives funding from US ($10 billion)
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