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Amanda Roraback's World in a Nutshell |
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Resources News-related Activities: Middle and High Schools Using News in Elementary School (Example: Iraq) Benefits of using news in the classroom Articles Pakistan's president declares state of emergency Israel's premier has prostrate cancer (Oct. 30, 2007) Iran's president visits New York Britain pulls out of Iraq |
Britain pulls out of Iraq |
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Historical Thread - Iraq 1) Mesopotamia a. Between the rivers 2) Babylonians a. Tower of Babel, Hanging Gardens of Babylon b. Nebuchadnezzar i. Occupied southern kingdom of Judea in 587 BC. ii. Hebrews brought to Babylonia (Babylonian captivity) 1. Where they developed the Jewish religion. 2. Penned the Torah 3. Began praying towards Temple in Jerusalem. 3) Persian Empire a. Cyrus the Great i. Released Jews from captivity. 4) Islam a. To Mesopotamia in AD 634 b. Baghdad as center of Abbasid Empire c. Shi’ite-Sunni split i. Son of Muhammad’s cousin Ali (Husayn) led group of Shiites (Shi’at Ali – Party of Ali) in revolt against the caliphs 1. Tomb of Ali is in Najaf ii. Died in Battle of Kerbala 1. Muharram d. Shi’ia Islam in Iran 1501 i. Safavids 5) Ottoman Empire a. Divided into vilayets b. Iraq vilayets i. Mosul – mostly Kurds ii. Baghdad iii. Basra – mostly Shiites 6) Word War I (10.6) a. Ottoman Empire collapsed b. Sykes-Picot Agreement i. Ottoman Empire divvied up among victorious ERuopean nations. c. Vilayets of Mosul, Baghdad, Basra became Iraq d. British appointed King Faisal – a Hashemite ruler from Arabia – to post of head of Iraq. i. Part of concession to Arabs for fighting Ottoman Turks on West’s behalf ii. Because most of the allies were Sunni, the British appointed a Sunni. 1. Also, as an outsider he was reliant on British for power. 2. And Sunnis more likely to favor modernization than the Shiites. 7) Post WWI a. BAath Party i. Formally founded in 1947 as the Arab Baath Socialist Party ii. Campaigned for the equitable distribution of oil wealth iii. State ownership of natural resources iv. Called for the destruction of the artificial boundaries created by the British and French from the carved-up remains of the Ottoman Empire. v. Iraqi chapter founded in 1952 b. 1963 assassinated president. i. Because of relationship to the Baathists enemies, the Soviet-backed communists. 8) Saddam Hussein a. Lived with uncle (Khairallah) i. Avid Nazi-sympathizer ii. Said Three whom God should not have created: Persians, Jews and Flies. b. Began working for the Baath Party in 1956 i. Participated in attempted assassination of president c. Ran Iraq from sidelines in charge of internal security i. Got rid of his enemies.. ii. Eventually so powerful he could take over the leadership of Iraq -- 1979 d. Purged government 9) Iran and Iraq a. Khomeini living in exile in Iraq b. Islamic Revolution 1979 c. Saddam declares war on Iran (8 year war) d. Discrimination against Shi’ites i. Important figures take refuge in Iran 1. Developed SCIRI. 10) Gulf War a. After Iran-Iraq war, soldiers are restless b. Iraq debt c. Oil production low i. And prices low d. Turn to Kuwait i. Stop the export of oil from Kuwait (raising oil prices) ii. To get Kuwait to forgive debt (and intimidate other countries). iii. Provide another war from restive soldiers returning from Iran-Iraq war to no jobs. e. Post Gulf War i. US encouraged Shiites and Kurds to revolt ii. Saddam destroyed rebellion iii. Many Shiites fled to Iran. iv. Iran intimidated and in position of weakness 1. tried to negotiate with the West. 11) US invades Iraq 2003
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